Hariho ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bwokuboneka uyumunsi hamwe namakuru make cyane kubitandukaniro.Birashoboka ko wibajije uti "ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gusaba?"Cyangwa “nahitamo nte kubyara?”Iyi ngingo izagufasha gusubiza ibyo bibazo.
Mbere ya byose, ugomba kumenya ko ibintu byinshi bifite ibintu bizunguruka bigwa mumatsinda abiri yagutse:
Imipira
Urupapuro rwerekana
Muri aya matsinda, hari ibyiciro-by-ibyiciro bifite ibintu byihariye cyangwa ibishushanyo mbonera byongerewe imbaraga.
Muri iyi ngingo, tuzareba ibintu bine ukeneye kumenya kubyerekeye gusaba kwawe kugirango uhitemo ubwoko bwiza bwo gutwara.
Shakisha Imizigo Yikoreye & Ubushobozi bwo Gutwara
Kwikoreza imizigo bisobanurwa nkibisubizo byingufu zigizwe nibintu bifatika.
Mugihe uhisemo kwifata neza kubisabwa, banza ugomba kubona ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu.Ubushobozi bwo kwikorera nubunini bwumutwaro umutwaro ushobora gukora kandi nikimwe mubintu byingenzi muguhitamo kwishyiriraho.
Kwikoreza imitwaro birashobora kuba axial (thrust), radial cyangwa guhuza.
Umutambiko (cyangwa gusunika) ufite umutwaro ni mugihe imbaraga zingana na axe ya shaft.
Umutwaro utwara imirasire ni igihe imbaraga zingana kuri shaft.Noneho guhuza kwikorera umutwaro ni mugihe ugereranije na perpendicular imbaraga zitanga inguni ugereranije nigiti.
Uburyo Imipira Yumupira Ikwirakwiza Imizigo
Imipira yumupira yateguwe nudupira twinshi kandi irashobora gukwirakwiza imizigo hejuru yuburinganire buringaniye.Bakunda gukora neza kubintu bito-bito-biciriritse-bikwirakwiza imizigo, bakwirakwiza imizigo binyuze mumwanya umwe wo guhuza.
Hano haribisobanuro byihuse kubwoko bwo kwikorera umutwaro n'umupira mwiza utwara akazi:
Imirasire (perpendicular kuri shaft) n'imizigo yoroheje: Hitamo imipira ya radiyo (bizwi kandi ko ari imipira yimbitse).Imirasire ya radiyo ni bumwe muburyo bukunze kugaragara ku isoko.
Axial (itera) (ibangikanye na shaft) imizigo: Hitamo gutera umupira
Hamwe na hamwe, byombi bya radiyo na axial, imizigo: Hitamo impande zifatika zifatika.Imipira ihuza umuhanda munzira ifasha neza guhuza imizigo.
Ibikoresho bya Roller & Umuyoboro
Ibikoresho bya roller byateguwe hamwe na silindrike ishobora gukwirakwiza imizigo hejuru yubuso bunini kuruta imipira.Bakunda gukora neza kubiremereye biremereye.
Hano hepfo haribintu byihuse kubwoko bwo kwikorera umutwaro hamwe na roller nziza kumurimo:
Imirasire (perpendicular to shaft) imizigo: Hitamo ibyuma bisanzwe bya silindrike
Axial (thrust) (ibangikanye na shaft) imizigo: Hitamo ibyuma bya silindrike
Hamwe na hamwe, byombi bya radiyo na axial, imizigo: Hitamo icyuma gifata imashini
Umuvuduko wo Kuzunguruka
Umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka kwa progaramu yawe nikintu gikurikira cyo kureba mugihe uhisemo icyerekezo.
Niba porogaramu yawe izakora kumuvuduko mwinshi, noneho imipira isanzwe ihitamo.Bakora neza kumuvuduko mwinshi kandi batanga umuvuduko mwinshi kuruta ibyuma bya roller.
Impamvu imwe nuko ihuriro riri hagati yikintu kizunguruka ninzira nyabagendwa mumipira yumupira ni ingingo aho kuba umurongo wo guhuza, nko mubitereko.Kuberako ibintu bizunguruka bikanda mumihanda uko bizunguruka hejuru, haribintu bike cyane byo guhindura ibintu bigaragara mumitwaro iremereye uhereye kumupira.
Imbaraga za Centrifugal and Bearings
Indi mpamvu itwara umupira nibyiza kubisabwa byihuse ni ukubera imbaraga za centrifugal.Imbaraga za Centrifugal zisobanurwa nkimbaraga zisunika hanze kumubiri uzenguruka ikigo kandi bituruka kubudahangarwa bwumubiri.
Imbaraga za Centrifugal nizo mpamvu nyamukuru zigabanya umuvuduko kuko zihinduka imizigo ya radiyo na axial ku kintu.Kubera ko ibyuma bya roller bifite misa irenze umupira, icyuma kizunguruka kizatanga imbaraga zo hejuru kuruta umupira ufite ubunini bungana.
Mugabanye imbaraga za Centrifugal hamwe nibikoresho bya Ceramic
Rimwe na rimwe, umuvuduko wa porogaramu uri hejuru yumupira ufite umuvuduko ukabije.
Niba ibi bibaye, igisubizo cyoroshye kandi gisanzwe ni uguhindura umupira utwara ibikoresho kuva mubyuma ukajya mubutaka.Ibi bikomeza ubunini buringaniye ariko butanga hafi 25% byihuta.Kubera ko ibikoresho bya ceramique byoroshye kuruta ibyuma, imipira yubutaka itanga imbaraga nke za centrifugal kumuvuduko uwo ariwo wose.
Byihuta-Porogaramu Porogaramu ikora neza hamwe na Angular Contact Bearings
Inguni zifatika nuburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo ibintu byihuse.Impamvu imwe nuko imipira ari ntoya kandi imipira mito ipima bike kandi itanga imbaraga nke za centrifugal iyo zizunguruka.Inguni yo guhuza inguni nayo ifite preload yubatswe kuri bings ikorana nimbaraga za centrifugal kugirango bazunguruke neza imipira.
Niba urimo gukora progaramu yihuta ya porogaramu, noneho uzakenera kwifata neza, mubisanzwe mubyiciro bya ABEC 7.
Icyerekezo cyo hasi gifite icyerekezo kinini "wiggle room" mugihe cyakozwe kuruta icyerekezo cyo hejuru.Kubwibyo, mugihe ubwikorezi burimo gukoreshwa kumuvuduko mwinshi, imipira irazunguruka vuba hejuru yumuhanda wogutwara hamwe nubwizerwe buke bushobora kuganisha kunanirwa.
Ibikoresho bifatika byuzuye bikozwe neza kandi bifite itandukaniro rito cyane kuri spes iyo byakozwe.Ibisobanuro bihanitse byizewe kubisabwa bigenda byihuse kuko byemeza umupira mwiza no guhuza inzira.
Kubyara Runout & Rigidity
Kwiruka kwiruka ni igiti kizunguruka kiva muri geometrike yacyo uko kizunguruka.Porogaramu zimwe, nko gukata ibikoresho bizunguruka, bizemerera gusa gutandukana kugaragara kubice bizunguruka.
Niba uri injeniyeri porogaramu nkiyi, noneho hitamo ibintu bisobanutse neza kuko bizatanga sisitemu ntoya bitewe no kwihanganira gukomeye kwikorera.
Kwitwaza ubukana ni ukurwanya imbaraga zitera igiti gutandukana nigitereko kandi kigira uruhare runini mukugabanya imigezi.Kwifata gukomera biva mubikorwa byo kuzunguruka hamwe n'umuhanda.Nibintu byinshi bizunguruka bikanda mumihanda, bitera guhindagurika kwa elastique, niko gukomera.
Kwifata gukomera mubisanzwe bishyirwa mubikorwa na:
Gukomera kwa Axial
Gukomera kwa radiyo
Kurwego rwo hejuru rwo gukomera, niko imbaraga zikenewe zo kwimura igiti mugihe gikoreshwa.
Reka turebe uko ibi bikorana neza na neza neza.Ubusanzwe ibyuma bizana hamwe na offset yakozwe hagati yumuhanda wimbere ninyuma.Iyo impande zifatika zifatika zashyizweho, offset ikurwaho bigatuma imipira ikanda mumihanda nta mbaraga zisaba hanze.Ibi byitwa preloading kandi inzira yongerera imbaraga gukomera na mbere yuko kubyara bibona imbaraga zose zikoreshwa.
Kubyara amavuta
Kumenya ibikenewe byo gusiga amavuta nibyingenzi muguhitamo neza kandi bigomba gutekerezwa hakiri kare mugushushanya.Gusiga amavuta bidakwiye nimwe mumpamvu zikunze gutera kunanirwa.
Gusiga amavuta akora firime yamavuta hagati yikizunguruka n'umuhanda ufata inzira ifasha kwirinda guterana no gushyuha.
Ubwoko bwo gusiga cyane ni amavuta, agizwe namavuta afite umubyimba.Umubyimba ukomeza amavuta mu mwanya, ntabwo rero uzava.Mugihe umupira (kwifata umupira) cyangwa uruziga (uruziga) ruzunguruka hejuru yamavuta, umukozi wibyimbye aratandukanya hasigara firime yamavuta gusa hagati yikizunguruka ninzira nyabagendwa.Nyuma yo kuzunguruka kurengana, amavuta hamwe nububyibushye bifatanya hamwe.
Kubintu byihuta byokoresha, kumenya umuvuduko amavuta hamwe nibyimbye bishobora gutandukana no kongera gufatanya ni ngombwa.Ibi byitwa gusaba cyangwa gutwara n * dm agaciro.
Mbere yo guhitamo amavuta, ugomba gushaka ibyifuzo byawe ndm agaciro.Kugirango ukore ibi ugwize ibyifuzo byawe RPMs kumurambararo wa santere hagati yimipira mubitereko (dm).Gereranya ndm agaciro kawe namavuta ya max yihuta, aherereye kuri datasheet.
Niba agaciro ka n * dm karenze hejuru yamavuta yihuta kuri datasheet, noneho amavuta ntashobora gutanga amavuta ahagije kandi gutsindwa imburagihe bizabaho.
Ubundi buryo bwo gusiga amavuta yihuta ni sisitemu yamavuta avanga amavuta numwuka uhumeka hanyuma ukayitera mumihanda itwara intera intera.Ihitamo rirahenze kuruta gusiga amavuta kuko bisaba sisitemu yo kuvanga no gupima hanze hamwe no kuyungurura umwuka.Nyamara, sisitemu yamavuta yemerera amavuta gukora kumuvuduko mwinshi mugihe itanga ubushyuhe buke kurenza amavuta.
Kuburyo bwihuse bwo gusaba amavuta yo kwiyuhagira arasanzwe.Kwiyuhagira amavuta ni mugihe igice cyo gutwara cyarohamye mumavuta.Ku byuma bizakorera ahantu habi cyane, amavuta yumye arashobora gukoreshwa aho gukoresha amavuta ashingiye kuri peteroli, ariko igihe cyo kubyara gishobora kuba kigufi kubera imiterere ya firime yamavuta yamenetse mugihe runaka.Hariho ibindi bintu bibiri bigomba kwitabwaho muguhitamo amavuta yo gusaba, reba ingingo yacu yimbitse "Ikintu cyose Ukeneye Kumenya Kubyara Amavuta.
Incamake: Uburyo bwo Guhitamo
Nigute ushobora guhitamo icyerekezo gikwiye kubisabwa:
Shakisha Imizigo Yikoreye & Ubushobozi bwo Gutwara
Ubwa mbere, menya ubwoko nubunini bwumutwaro ibyo usaba bizashyira kumurongo.Imizigo mito-mito-isanzwe imizigo ikora neza hamwe no gufata imipira.Porogaramu iremereye isanzwe ikora neza hamwe na roller.
Menya Umuvuduko Wihuta wa Porogaramu yawe
Menya umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka kwa porogaramu yawe.Umuvuduko mwinshi (RPM) mubisanzwe ukora neza hamwe nu mupira kandi umuvuduko wo hasi mubisanzwe ukora neza hamwe na roller.
Ikintu mu Kwirukana Runout & Rigidity
Urashaka kandi kumenya ubwoko bwa runout porogaramu yawe izemerera.Niba porogaramu yemerera gutandukana gusa kugaragara, noneho umupira ufite amahirwe menshi yo guhitamo neza.
Shakisha Amavuta meza Kubikenewe byawe
Kubintu byihuta byihuta, ubare agaciro ka n * dm, kandi niba ari hejuru yumuvuduko mwinshi wamavuta, noneho amavuta ntashobora gutanga amavuta ahagije.Hariho ubundi buryo nka peteroli yibeshya.Kubisabwa byihuse, kwiyuhagira amavuta ni amahitamo meza.
Ibibazo?Ba injeniyeri bacu kurubuga bifuza gushakisha nawe kandi bakagufasha guhitamo icyiza cyo gusaba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-16-2022